When comparing the density of typical and dark microglia in the APP-PS1 mice based on their distribution near Aβ plaques and dystrophic neurites, we observed significantly more typical microglia compared to dark microglia far from Aβ plaques and dystrophic neurites (FTM 45.04 ± 8.654 mm2 vs FDM 0.7747 ± 0.7747 mm2, p = 0.0045), while no difference was observed for dark and typical microglia near these two AD pathology hallmarks (Fig. 1C). Here, APP is linked to Alzheimer disease.