GDF15 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: C−X−C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CXCL5), C-C motif chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20), Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), Stanniocalcin-2 (STC2) and RAD51 recombinase (RAD51) have been reported to play a role in promoting the proliferation, migration, and invasion of NSCLC cells (Wang et al., 2018b; Wang et al., 2016; Wang et al., 2018a; Na et al., 2015; Hu et al., 2019).