It was found that 45.87% of the associated genes (CASP3, CASP9, MAPK1, MAPK3, XIAP) contributed to cytochrome C-mediated apoptotic response and 3.67% of the associated genes (BECN1, FXYD2, GSK3B, HSP90AA1, ITGB1, MAP1LC3B) contributed to SARS-CoV infections (Fig. S2). Here, ITGB1 is linked to severe acute respiratory syndrome.