Following the stimulation of the NF-κB transcription factor, CXCL13 and its cognate receptor, CXCR5, promoted lung cancer cell migration by upregulating vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression in an event that involved multiple signaling pathways, including protein kinase C-(PKC), phospholipase C-(PLC), and c-Src [131]. Here, CXCR5 is linked to lung carcinoma.