Interestingly, the present experimental data indicated that melatonin dose-dependently suppressed the ESCC cell proliferation and markedly downregulated the HDAC7 mRNA and protein levels without influencing other HDACs expression in the ESCC cells, suggesting that melatonin works as a potential specific HDAC7 inhibitor for ESCC treatment. This evidence concerns the gene HDAC7 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.