PTEN and glioblastoma: Analysis of the mutation distribution in the TCGA and Wang datasets showed that the PTEN (which inhibited AKT signaling activation) and NF1 (a mesenchymal (MES) subtype GBM marker) mutation rates were increased in both datasets, and BRAF (which could cause MAPK downstream pathway activation) mutation rates were obviously increased in the Wang dataset (Fig. 5A, Additional file 1: Fig. S5 A).