TMSB10 and neoplasm: Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that pathways involved in tumor pathogenesis, including cell proliferation regulation pathways (such as cell cycle checkpoint and apoptosis), pathways associated with tumor invasion and migration (such as focal adhesion and ECM-receptor interaction), and classical signaling pathways, including p53 signaling and PI3K AKT mTOR signaling pathways and immune-related signatures, were significantly enriched in the high TMSB10 expression group (Fig. 4D).