TNF and irritable bowel syndrome: Furthermore, increased mast cell count, inflammation, a high glycemic index diet, dysregulation of signaling pathways like mTORC 1, Notch, Wnt, and TGF-beta, and increased serum proinflammatory cytokines like IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-a all play a role in the etiopathogenesis of both HS and IBS [2–9,11,16,17].