CTLA4 and neoplasm: Since the clinical cohort of glioma immunotherapy was scarce, the two well-known clinical cohorts including IMvigor 210 (urologic tumor patients treated with anti-PD-L1therapy) (Zhao et al., 2021) and Van Allen 2015 (melanoma patients treated with anti-CTLA-4 therapy) (Tu et al., 2022), which were previously used for assessing the relationship between target gene expressions and glioma immunotherapy, were selected in our present work.