Results consistently showed that the levels of the UP and classical pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6 in adenine-induced CKD rats were significantly higher than those in other groups, while the levels of TGF-β and IL-4 in adenine-induced CKD rats were notably lower than those in the normal group. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and chronic kidney disease.