They regulate multiple signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin (Zhao et al., 2022), TGF-β1/Smad (Mao et al., 2019; Wu et al., 2022), Akt/mTOR (Lian et al., 2022), CX3CL1-RAF/MEK/ERK (Hu et al., 2022b), mTORC1/p70S6K (Chen et al., 2019), SIRT1-NF-κB (Wang et al., 2018b), and interfere with different cytokine or inflammatory factors expression to regulate the development and progression of renal fibrosis. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and renal fibrosis.