TNF and colitis: Mi Tian et al. reported that ginsenoside RK3 (20, 40 and 60 mg/kg) protected intestinal barrier function and inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome expression in DSS-induced colitis mice by regulating the MPO and iNOS activities and expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase-1 (Tian et al., 2020).