Among these therapeutic drugs, ICIs targeted PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 have induced unprecedented responses in some patients with advanced cancers, nonetheless, the limited clinical response restricted the universal clinical application of ICB therapy across multiple cancers (Pitt et al., 2016b; Ventola, 2017; Yarchoan et al., 2017). This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and cancer.