VEGFA and liver cancer: In this study, we performed a two-sample bidirectional MR using publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics to explore the causal relationship between VEGF and the risk of multiple cancers, including breast cancer, ovarian cancer, lung cancer, colorectal carcinoma, prostate cancer, esophageal cancer, kidney cancer, bladder cancer, brain malignant tumors, and malignant tumors of the liver and intrahepatic bile duct.