They measured 5 neurotrophins, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex of MSA patients but found no change compared to healthy controls. The gene discussed is GDNF; the disease is multiple system atrophy.