They measured 5 neurotrophins, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex of MSA patients but found no change compared to healthy controls. This evidence concerns the gene FGF2 and multiple system atrophy.