While the autoimmune targets of CNS-infiltrating T and B lymphocytes in MS are not yet fully understood, the approach might be useful in diseases with known autoantigens such as MOG antibody associated disorders (MOGAD), where MOG is a major candidate autoantigen (56, 57), and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), with an autoimmune response that targets aquaporin-4 on astrocytes, both of which diseases involve infiltrating T and B lymphocytes and inflammatory myeloid cells (57, 58). Here, AQP4 is linked to neuromyelitis optica.