The T cell-based immune system is indispensable in recognizing and killing pathogen-infected cells and cancer cells (149).The PD-L1 expression of NSCLC was positively related to radiation resistance (123), and binding of PD-L1 to PD-1 inhibits anti-tumor immunity by counteracting T cell-activating signals (150). This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.