EGFR and non-small cell lung carcinoma: As programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) levels have been reported to be significantly higher in EGFR-mutated NSCLC cell lines, especially in EGFR TKI-resistant cells (9–11), and EGFR-TKI treatment is considered to be associated with an increase in TMB and PD-1 expression (12), PD-1/PD-L1 blockade is considered a promising approach in NSCLC with EGFR mutations, especially in patients with acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs.