STAT1 and immunodeficiency disease: Intrinsic and innate immunodeficiencies associated with T. marneffei infection have also been reported, such as STAT1 and CARD9. Caspase recruitment domain–containing protein 9 (CARD9) is an adaptor molecule in the cytosol of myeloid cells required for the induction of T-helper cells producing interleukin-17 (Th17 cells), and it can effectively integrate the recognition signals of various natural immune receptors and plays an important role in antifungal immunity (Drummond et al., 2011; Salazar and Brown, 2018; You et al., 2021).