INS and diabetes mellitus: The outcomes showed that 22 bioactive compounds and 314 corresponding targets significantly contributed to the antidiabetic effects of P. ginseng via regulating diabetes-related signaling pathways and biological processes, such as insulin resistance, the HIF-1 signaling pathway, the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, the prolactin signaling pathway, the Rap1 signaling pathway, the Ras signaling pathway, the calcium signaling pathway, and the FoxO signaling pathway.