NFKB1 and colitis: Indeed, Li et al. found that selenylated α-D-1,6-glucan could prevent and treat DSS-induced colitis by decreasing the expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-1β), upregulating IL-10 in the NF-κB and NLRP3 signaling pathways, and enhancing the abundance of beneficial bacteria (Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes) to improve the composition of intestinal microbiota (39).