In addition, various neurotrophic factors secreted by astrocytes, such as nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived growth factor (BDNF), erythropoietin (EPO), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and glial derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), are increased after stroke (Linnerbauer and Rothhammer, 2020). This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and stroke disorder.