Sun et al. found mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles-derived miR-194-5p could delay the development of intervertebral disc degeneration by targeting TRAF6 (36); Jia et al. suggested that miR-194-5p could promote TGFβ1-induced EMT, migration and invasion of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells (37). Here, TRAF6 is linked to tongue squamous cell carcinoma.