The other target gene of miR-153, TGFβ, is up-regulated in cancer cells such as osteosarcoma, resulting in overexpression of p-SMAD2, p-SMAD3, EGFR, IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) which are the crucial proteins in downstream of TGFβ signaling pathway. Here, TGFB1 is linked to cancer.