MMP9 and neoplasm: Vitamin D inhibits breast carcinoma cell migration, invasion, and metastatic capacities via a reduction of the expression/activity of several matrix metalloproteases (MMP1 and MMP9) and uPA/PAI and their inhibitors (29, 42, 48); however, in our study, there was no correlation between plasma vitamin D and plasma uPA/PAI, nor MMP1 and MMP9 expressions in the primary tumor.