NQO1 and Cognitive impairment: However, chronic cellular stress, as is observed in AD, leads to long-lasting overexpression of NQO1 and HO-1 in the hippocampus, resulting in potential detrimental effects including neuroinflammation, cognitive deficits, impaired synaptic plasticity, and decreased expression of memory-related proteins (Gupta et al., 2014; Li et al., 2015; Wang et al., 2015; Ross and Siegel, 2021).