Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) was discovered in 1995 (Wiley et al., 1995; Pitti et al., 1996) and soon thereafter it attracted huge interest due to its capability to induce cell death preferentially in cancer cells while sparing normal healthy cells (Ashkenazi et al., 1999; Walczak et al., 1999). The gene discussed is TNFSF10; the disease is cancer.