The expression of VEGF-C in the tumor microenvironment recruits CCL21 expressing cells and naïve T cells, and tumor associated lymphatic vessels express PD-L1, which leads to an immunosuppressive environment (Dieterich et al., 2017; Fankhauser et al., 2017; Farnsworth et al., 2018). This evidence concerns the gene VEGFC and neoplasm.