VEGFC and neoplasm: The expression of immunosuppressive ligands and leucocytes further impair the body’s immune system and the tumor’s use of VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 signaling appears to aid in the suppression of CD8+ T cells and recruitment of additional immunosuppressive leucocytes (Lund et al., 2012; Fankhauser et al., 2017; Farnsworth et al., 2018).