The endothelium also plays an important role in CRS, and given the close link between microvascular disease in HF and CKD, endothelial peptides as a vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor and soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptors-1 are elevated in HF and CKD [44]. The gene discussed is FLT1; the disease is congenital rubella syndrome.