Excess adipose tissues in obesity release nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs), glycerol, adipokines, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α) [TNF-α], interleukin [IL]-6, IL-1β), leading to insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (11). Here, TNF is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.