PRKAA1 and diabetes mellitus: The mechanisms of exercise for the management of diabetes have previously been studied mainly around the skeletal muscle, as the activation of AMPK in skeletal muscle during exercise is considered mainly caused by the increase of intracellular AMP:ATP ratio and phosphorylation of Thr172 on the ‘activation loop’ 7 of the α-subunit (Coughlan et al., 2014).