The present study found a significant increase in plasma IL-6 concentrations at 120 min and 240 min post-TTPB, which follows a similar pattern of change as reported after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) [36] and shock wave lithotripsy for kidney stones [37], suggesting an immune and stress (inflammatory) response to the procedure. The gene discussed is IL6; the disease is nephrolithiasis.