In 2015, Hubers AJ et al. investigated the DNA methylation status of FAM19A4, RASSF1A, 3OST2, APC, PHACTR3, CYGB, and PRDM14 in the learning cohort (73 LC cases and 86 healthy controls) and validation cohort (159 LC cases and 154 healthy controls). The gene discussed is TAFA4; the disease is laryngotracheoesophageal cleft.