Enrichment analysis showed that BCR, RAC1, CXCR4, and ErbB1 signaling pathways were enriched in the genes downregulated in the hyperexpanded clones, while tumor- and cell proliferation-associated pathways (c-Myc, c-Myb, Aurora A, nuclear estrogen receptor alpha pathways) were enriched in upregulated genes of the malignant clones (Fig. 3I, Additional file 11: Table S9). This evidence concerns the gene RAC1 and neoplasm.