SHBG and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: We observed associations of some metabolite concentrations with SHBG levels, obesity, and metabolic syndrome among premenopausal women to a greater extent than among postmenopausal women, similar to associations found by Chiang et al.24 A study by James-Todd et al3 also reported associations of higher quartiles of MBzP and DEHP with metabolic syndrome among premenopausal women only.