Greenet al. [38] found that a specific inhibitor of mTOR induces a multisite dephosphorylation of 4E-BP1, which markedly inhibits the initiation step of mRNA translation, resulting in a strong anti-leukemic activity against primary AML cells while sparing normal hematopoiesisex vivo and significantly reducing the growth of AML cells in nude mice. The gene discussed is MTOR; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.