TNF and Hepatic fibrosis: During chronic liver injury, hepatocytes undergoing cellular injury and death produce a variety of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), IL-6 (interleukin 6), and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1), which play major roles in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis [12‒14] .