CCL2 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: Empagliflozin decreased the expression of hepatic inflammatory genes such as TNF-α, interleukin-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in a mice model of NASH, and when used in combination with linagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, both treatments reduced expression of mRNAs for genes related to fatty acid synthesis, reduced collagen deposition and decreased the expression of αSMA, which is an indicator of fibrosis [39,100].