CSF2 and COVID-19: In this study we confirmed that the spike-specific response in COVID-19 patients is characterized by the predominance of Th1 and low magnitude of Th2 cytokines (23) and we showed ex-vivo, in whole-blood cells of COVID-19 patients, that IL-10 downregulates a broad range of immune factors such as IFN-γ, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α), IL-17, Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL- 13), IL-1RA, growth factors (IL-2, IL-7, IL-15, G-CSF, GM-CSF, and FGF-basic), and chemokines (IL-8, IP- 10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β).