(2018) demonstrated that PD-L1 expression, along with PD-L2, IL-10, IL-6, and Macrophage-Inflammatory-Protein-1- alfa (MIP-1-α), was up-regulate on Dermal Dendritic Cells (DDCs) and in immature monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs) after infection by S. mansoni cercariae (56). Here, IL6 is linked to infection.