INS and diabetes mellitus: While β-cells enhance insulin sensitivity and control glucose homeostasis through the miR-26a and miR-29 family (101, 169).Various evidence now shows that ncRNAs such as miR-1249-3p, lncRNA PTGS2, and circ-Tulp4 can alleviate DM by reversing the links they are participating in through restoration of their expression levels; ncRNAs thus have full potential to act as therapeutic targets.