Interestingly our group has identified, at the C-terminal part of the ERα hinge region (amino acids 295-311) a decaheptapeptide, named ERalpha17p, which can be released after proteasomal degradation of ERα and possesses estrogenic (25, 27) and pro-apoptotic (29) actions and modulates the migratory activity of human breast cancer cells in vitro (30) by interacting with specific isoforms of ERα (31). This evidence concerns the gene ESR1 and breast carcinoma.