Along with the existing pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers, other biomarkers such as MMPs and selectins (to differentiate between SIRS and sepsis), IL-1α, IP-10, sTNF-R2, and sFas (indicating the progression of sepsis to shock), markers specific for signaling pathways and specific to an organ injury might help in discriminating between SIRS and sepsis [73–75]. This evidence concerns the gene IL1A and systemic inflammatory response syndrome.