In order to inhibit the tumor-promoting effect of M2 macrophages, Ruffolo et al. built an orthotopic tumor-bearing mouse model of ICC and confirmed that anti-GM-CSF monoclonal antibody treatment can reverse tumor-induced M2 polarization of TAMs, thus stimulating the immune activity of T cells and preventing the establishment of an immunosuppressive microenvironment 99. The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is neoplasm.