The anti-inflammatory and inhibitory effect of TAK-242 on TLR-4 is supported by the decreased mRNA expression of TRAF6, TIRAP, TRIF, TRAM, MyD88, and TLR-4 in FA involved in AVF with RT-PCR as well as by attenuated expression of TRAF6, TIRAP, and TRIF in VSMCs treated with TAK-242 (Figure 6). Here, TLR4 is linked to Friedreich ataxia.