However, a phase 3 randomized, open-label study comparing Pexa Vec (JX-594, Vaccinia GM-CSF/TK-Deactivated Virus), followed by sorafenib versus sorafenib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) without prior systemic therapy (JX594-HEP024), failed to reach objectives. The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.