Early work in using P. chabaudi as a model for SMA established that dyserythropoiesis in malaria may result from stalling of late erythroid progenitor cells [332] and be related to bone marrow inflammation, in particular production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-12 [333] and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) [334]. Here, MIF is linked to severe malarial anemia.