TNF and autoimmune hepatitis: The inflammatory responses in AIH are greatly mediated by the release of cytokines as TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor), interleukins (ILs), and interferon (IFN)-γ, which are regulated by the interplay of many signaling pathways especially NF-κB (nuclear factor-kappa B) and the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) signaling.