HMGB1 and neoplasm: The expression of calreticulin (CRT) and high mobility group protein (HMGB1) in tumor slices detected by immunofluorescence (Figure 4B,C,E,F) further verified our speculation as the expression of CRT and HMGB1 in V+E@Gel group were both significantly upregulated by 9-fold and 6-fold, respectively, in comparison with the saline group.