Interestingly, an increase in dsRNA levels from early viral gene transcription has been reported in ΔK1L strain infections that triggers PKR activation, and only infections with functional K1 present can prevent subsequent NF-κB activation, suggesting that K1 additionally plays a role in reducing dsRNA levels early during infection to minimize PKR stimulation and downstream NF-κB activation [70]. This evidence concerns the gene KRT1 and infection.