The frequencies of the MTB-specific CD4+ T-cells expressing CD38 were significantly reduced from baseline (median: 37.8%) to month 2 (median: 15.20%) (p = 0.0079) among HIV/TB coinfected patients, while reductions in the TB monoinfected group were relatively minor but statistically significant (median: 26.8% to 18.5%, p = 0.0052). The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is tuberculosis.